Nootropic drugs: Piracetam and Citicoline sodium: A Review of Analytical Methods

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, P.O.Box.11786, Cairo, Egypt

2 Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo ET-11562.

3 Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo Egypt. Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 11787 6th October City, Egypt

Abstract

Piracetam and Citicoline are two nootropic drugs or psychostimulants. They are used to improve cognitive impairment in patients with brain injury. Their combined dosage forms help enhance cognition and memory, as well as slow the progression of brain aging. Increasing blood flow and oxygen to the brain aids stroke recovery and improves Alzheimer’s, Down syndrome, dementia and dyslexia.
This review article provides an extensive computer-assisted survey of the literature on analytical techniques developed for the quantification of Piracetam and Citicoline in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations, and biological fluids. Bioanalytical methods are essential for the accurate measurement of drugs and their metabolites in biological matrices. Several analytical approaches, as spectrophotometric, chromatographic and electrochemical methods have been widely applied for the quantitative analysis of these drugs in both biological specimens and pharmaceutical products. Thus, the primary aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the current analytical methodologies used for the assay of Piracetam and Citicoline.

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Translational Health Sciences
Volume 1, Issue 2
August 2025
Pages 17-35

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